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Again the Empirical Approach skipped the philosophical questions as to whether the physical world is really THERE, and simply accepts the assumption that it IS THERE. The problem with relying on intuition is that our intuitions can be wrong because they are driven by cognitive and motivational biases rather than logical reasoning or scientific evidence. That did not mean that they knew everything; or that every time they spoke, it was with God's authority. Another manifestation of Light is compassion or love which expresses itself through us. Others interpret right and wrong to have been determined by God, for example the Ten Commandments. Everyone has enjoyed sunrises and sunsets particularly in the mountains or at the seashore and other beautiful landscapes at any time of the day or during a moon-filled night. “The truth is rarely pure and never simple”, claims Oscar Wilde. The Epistemology of Rationalism looks for logical consistency. Pragmatically speaking, negative ads stick in the minds of the public better than the positive ads. ‘Know’ in the King James Bible meant the kind of knowing that results not only from the sexual act — but from sustained intimacy — as a result of looking lovingly into each other’s eyes, eyes that are the window of the soul and learning — therefore knowing — the naked essence, character, soul and being of one’s lover. Because people believe in different prophets and different gods, invoking "revelation" for making claims to truth is sometimes reduced to rude exchanges of "My god is bigger than your god." After he had finished feeding the birds and the squirrels my friend noticed that a chipmunk had arrived on the scene. According to the constructivist, natural science therefore consists of mental constructs that aim to explain sensory experience and measurements. Wilber acknowledged that scientific reasoning and responsible philosophical speculation do indeed occur in the empirically cognitive mode. Normative questions such as those concerning moral issues have been explored by philosophers and theologians for millennia. The deontological approach claims that certain actions are inherently wrong irrespective of their likely results. So the burning question is this: What evidence exists that lends credence to a claim of knowledge — a claim to truth? He meant that they knew God as their Father, Jesus as their Saviour (who is 'the Truth' in John 14:6), the truth about His deity and they had received the Holy Spirit (Romans 8:9). Bruner (1986): different ways of knowing ‘Paradigmatic mode of thought’ …draws on reasoned analysis, logical proof, and empirical observation - used to explain ‘cause and effect’, to predict and control reality, and to create unambiguous objective ‘truth’ that can be proven or disproved. In an attempt to understand the character and variation of the existential engagement with truth in different religious traditions, we can recognize three aspects of truth: (1) the character of accurate knowing, (2) the nature of the reality known, and (3) the formation of value as the power to actualize this reality in authentic living. In the sense, absolute truth is absolutely true no matter what evidence there is for it. If there is a Creator, there is only one; and this one God has an opinion and viewpoint! Or an unwitting Propaganda Peddler? Triangulating multiple methods is more powerful than mere testimonial — the most common pragmatic persuasion. Consider how the meditator learns to sit absolutely still and with the aid of disciplined breath work he allows all of his cognitive thoughts to blow by like clouds on a windy day. And the ideas therein can be evaluated upon their own merits, using the standards of the other four epistemologies. The truth of the experimental laboratory method is scientific knowledge. Your truth is the essence of your spiritual nature — that is, once the mental facade has been transformed, the truth gives way to the light of your being. Because the scientific method uses sensory evidence that either proves or disproves a given hypothesis, this method also implies a particular nature of truth. . But to make sure the senses are not being fooled, contemporary Empiricism establishes truth claims via controlled conditions, where factors and influences are narrowed down to specific causes and/or correlations. Truth is relative inasmuch as it reflects an object not exhaustively but within certain limits, certain relations, which are constantly changing. This approach maintains: That which I can prove to my senses is true. . Below we look at truth from a number of different perspectives, offering insight into “what we can know” and “how we can know it” as it pertains to Truth in its different forms. Notice my use of the word "substantiated," the root of which is "substance." That knowing is recognized as a soul entwined linkage of the couple which produces an awareness of that aspect of their inner-selves capable of experiencing a union of being. and Knowing Sharan B. Merriam, Young Sek Kim The elder’s opinion is truth. In these circumstances measurements are applicable to science, engineering, accounting and the like. Besides the many who openly and without prejudice approach the truth, there will also be those who, although they have come to know and understand it, are unwilling to accept it or avoid the responsibility that learning this truth will entail. When illumination and enlightenment descend upon us they often come — as the American poet Carl Sandburg put it — like fog, ‘on little cat feet’. "Falsity" is also an arbitrary constant, which can be represented as "F" or "0". The truth of moral searching and normative reflection is justice, fairness and the common good. As we find authorities that agree with our views, we can stick out a tongue and taunt: "My authority is smarter than yours." It is also because the most intimate knowing of the Divine transcends duality. . But being true to oneself — by the very nature of the undertaking — is wholly subjective: oneself evaluating oneself. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. But better than simply seeking to support one's viewpoints, is seeking for Truth — knowledge of things as they are now, as they have been in the past, and as they will be in the future. When someone refers to a "truth" or claims that some statement is "true," just what kind of truth are they referring to? it is of value; If an idea or action is logical and reasonable . . ‘Narrative knowing’ Whenever people attempt to make a point, the methods used to support such persuasions will inevitably pass through any of five avenues of epistemology. . I shouldn't expect my opinions to be worth much if they aren't substantiated, I shouldn't expect my opinions to be worth much. The quality of this connection and oneness of being transcends orgasm. Understanding has a deeper level than knowing. What is surrendered is the ego. Truth and Correspondence The correspondence view of truth, held by the vast majority of philosophers and theologians throughout history, holds that any declarative statement is true if and only if it corresponds to or agrees with factual reality, with the way things are. by Lansley, Cliff, Lansley, Cliff (ISBN: 9781527206342) from Amazon's Book Store. Sometimes you know the truth because you have been told so but you really don't understand its actuality. Michael Glanzberg, “Truth,” in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2009) By whatever means people seek truth, however, they often have difficulty distinguishing it from the seeming reality of their own perceptions. A = Authority:    Appeal to authority is an oft used method to support claims of "knowing," to prove points: What experts say is true — observations of wise men and women establish truth. Life's ever-appearing problems. Its author is Ken Wilber. This approach maintains: That which I can prove to my senses is true. The emerging international biomedical law tends to recognise the right not to know one’s genetic status. The second unit is about different approaches to truth, where students get in touch with the basic scope of the liberal arts and the different ways of knowing. For how could I doubt . (2) reflections on normative issues such as morality; The other day I visited a good friend who is very bright, holds a Ph.D. and whose cognitive reasoning is usually quite solid. Talking about something is based on some form of knowledge which may be false whereas, when knowing the truth, the knowledge is true. Therefore, it is fair to question whether such a non-objective process can produce any knowledge of value or even begin to approach Truth? This approach assumes: That which is logical and consistent is true. The chipmunk headed straight for the hand holding the seeds then stopped dead in its tracks as he noticed my presence. . In a nutshell, I REPAIR My Thinking about TRUTH is described this way: 1. So tactics can "work" but the pragmatic fruits are NOT necessarily evidence of truthful ends . By so doing, you will immediately offer "empirical" evidence to prove your existence. Society by its standards and approaches feeds this misconception. This concern with paradox appears to take Parker Palmer close to the approach of John Dewey and others, who argue that learning inevitably concerned with the exploration of differentiation within wholes. As we become more spiritually sensitive we are no longer able to perceive Truth and Beauty coldly with our discursively observing minds only as something apart from us that we objectively recognize. corresponds to the following epistemological methods, or ways of knowing truth: R = Rationalism                           P = Pragmatism Others are interested in cultural truths, which reflect the common beliefs and values of a particular culture and which science is not aimed at building. Michael Glanzberg, “Truth,” in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (2009) By whatever means people seek truth, however, they often have difficulty distinguishing it from the seeming reality of their own perceptions. . Different people will have different meaning of truth that they apply. In politics, this approach is intentionally applied, and is called "mud slinging." you understand, . Scientific publications are backed by references (Authority) at the end of each research study to buttress research claims. The problem with most "testimonials" is with the experience of a product that supposedly worked: an experience that lacks controls sufficient to isolate the definitive source of fruitful results. As scientists unquestioningly accept the "empirical assumption," curiously, this is equivalent to the scientist proceeding with "faith" — faith that the physical world IS what the senses suggest it IS. Can you know the sensation of burning without being burnt. We can also refer to these experiences as modalities of consciousness. They are the model theory of truth and the proof theory of truth. In courts of law, cases are made upon the merits of evidence! In other words, truth is reality and the action expressed without any changes or edit. At the beginning of our discourse we were focusing on the nature and process of empirically cognitive knowing. The truths that result from studies or investigations which employ any of the above three criteria have been touted as containing the following characteristics: they are wholly objective, totally impersonal, sterile, emotionally distant from us, unrelated to our character or being, unrelated to our daily behaviors and values, unrelated to our personal integrity, unrelated to our social conduct, unrelated to moral good or evil, in fact unrelated to any subjective aspect of our entire existence. He poured some seeds into the palm of his right hand and sat down holding his hand about three inches above the patio’s red brick floor. You may hardly uncover someone who has never heard about WhatsApp. He could have also used as a metaphor the radio wave spectrum with simultaneous broadcasts occurring at multiple frequencies. Because hypotheses are always expressed in words, the "nature of truth" becomes inseparably embedded within language; Truth is assumed to be a function accurately stated words, and these words, in turn, correlate with accurate ideas about world realities. Under such circumstances it is easy for us to tend to act as if our purpose is to locate and possess spiritual treasure in order to haul it home with us — much in the spirit of a big game hunter. Our daily disputes largely circle around what we consider the truth. This is not only because there may not be any anthropomorphic bones in the body of the Divine. religious epistemologies) . . But even if a book is not deemed "Revelation from God," that book is still at very least a book written by someone, if not God. Rather, a valued prize of dedicated walking along the spiritual pathway can be the acquisition of a sense that at the core of our being we are connected to the Divine Spirit and that incomprehensible, unknowable Spirit lives and somehow expresses itself within, through, between and among us. Complimentary Consultation Those for whom empirical cognition is the sole pathway to truth would argue that subjectivity of any kind leads inherently to invalidity, uncertainty and self-delusion. The truth of noncontingent propositions comes about, they say – not through their correctly describing the way the world is – but as a matter of the definitions of terms occurring in the sentences expressing those propositions. Descartes began his renowned reasoning with a systematic doubting of everything: doubting the world that surrounded him and even doubting the existence of his own body. They do it all the time.’, My friend told me that several days each week a wild Fox in his neighborhood walks to the edge of his patio while he is sitting in his chair. Absolute truth stands on its own. accurately and efficaciously to comprehend truth when we are functioning in the empirically cognitive mode. let them be wise and insightful — regardless of who allegedly authored them. Lovers’ love and loving the Divine aside for a moment, there is also a wide variety of uplifting aesthetic experiences available to us. Truth is very complicated, as people understand it in different ways. . . The story of Saint Paul’s illumination recorded in the Book of Acts was that he got on his horse full of delusions, was hit with a lightning bolt of illumination and knocked off his horse aware of nearly every heavenly secret there was to know. Socrates, a visitor to the Temple of Apollo, as quoted in Plato’s Apology, advised a similar thing: ‘The unexamined life is not worth living’ or words to that effect. Citing authority is often effective, but when others don’t respect the sources you cite, you will not be able to sell your assertions for a very high price. Ultimately, the Epistemology of Empiricism puts "truth" into a metaphysical realm of accurate ideas. Truth, like knowledge, is surprisingly difficult to define.We seem to rely on it almost every moment of every day and it's very "close" to us. (Also, see his Comment at the end of Articles of Interest.3), May 16, 2007 I talk to them and they understand me. . Not to the computer-driven, data-collecting, fact-finding, empirically-bent, logic-chopping part of their minds. Should be clear to us through many different ways they have argued that the senses can adequately access tangible in! Us as we walk dedicatedly along the spiritual path are not fooling you ''! 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Bright, holds a Ph.D. and whose cognitive reasoning is usually quite solid empirical experiments are administered data... Oh, that is its logical structure book Store for their own life insightful then as categorical... Used interchangeably with the utilization of modes of consciousness other than the positive ads, empirically-bent, logic-chopping of., breathwork and spiritual questing is serenity, illumination, enlightenment and a sense the.

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